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Name	Country	Manufactures Hard Drives	Manufactures Flash Memory	Manufactures flash-based SSDs	Manufactures RAM-Based SSDs	Manufactures flash memory controller
ADATA	Taiwan	No	No	Yes	No	No
Apacer	Taiwan	No	No	Yes	No	No
ASUS	Taiwan	No	No	Yes	No	No
ATP Electronics	Taiwan	No	No	Yes	No	No
Corsair[2]	United States	No	No	Yes	No	No
Crucial Technology	United States	No	Uses the flash from its parent Micron Technology	Yes, through its parent Micron Technology	No	Yes, through its parent Micron Technology
Dataram	United States	No	No	Yes	No	No
Dell	United States	No	Yes, through its stake in Kioxia	Yes	No	Yes, through its stake in Kioxia
Edge Tech Corp	United States	No	No	Yes	No	No
Fusion-io[3]	United States	No	Formerly through Flash Forward,[4] a joint venture owned by Kioxia and Fusion-IO's parent, SanDisk	Formerly	No	Formerly
G.Skill[5]	Taiwan	No	No	Yes	No	No
Gigabyte Technology	Taiwan	No	No	Yes	No	No
Greenliant Systems[6]	United States	No	No	Yes	No	Yes
GS Nanotech[7][8]	Russia	No	No	Yes	No	No
Hikvision	China	No	No	Yes	No	No
HGST[9] (owned by Western Digital)	United States and Japan	Formerly, but now absorbed into its parent, Western Digital	Formerly through Flash Forward,[4] a joint venture between Toshiba (now Kioxia) and its then-sister company, SanDisk	Formerly, but now absorbed into its parent, Western Digital	No	No
HyperOs Systems[10]	England	No	No	No	Yes	No
Imation[11]	United States	No	No	Formerly, but this company has exited the storage business.	No	No
Intel[12]	United States	No	Sold its NAND flash memory and SSD businesses to SK Hynix. Intel continues to make its Optane line of memory.	Sold its NAND flash memory and SSD businesses to SK Hynix. Intel continues to make its Optane line of SSDs.	No	Sold its NAND flash memory and SSD businesses to SK Hynix, so SK Hynix now makes those controllers. Intel continues to make its Optane controllers.
Kaminario[13]	United States	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Kingston Technology[14]	United States	No	Yes, through stake in Kioxia	Yes	No	Yes, through stake in Kioxia
Kioxia[15]	Japan	No	Yes, but through Flash Forward,[4] a joint venture between SanDisk and itself.	Yes	No	Yes
Lexar	United States and China	No	No	Yes	No	No
Lite-On[16]	Taiwan	No	No	Formerly, now a brand of Kioxia	No	No
LSI Corporation[17]	United States	No	No	LSI sold its Nytro SSD business to Seagate	No	Formerly through its subsidiary SandForce, but it sold SandForce to Seagate
Memoright[18]	Taiwan	No	No	Yes	No	No
Micro Center [19]	United States	No	No	Yes, but uses its Inland house brand instead of the Micro Center brand	No	No
Micron Technology[20]	United States	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Microsemi[21]	United States	No	No	Yes	No	No
Mushkin[22]	United States	No	No	Yes	No	No
Netac Technology[23]	China	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Netlist[24]	United States	No	No	Yes	No	No
OCZ	United States	No	No	A brand of Kioxia that has been shut down.	No	A brand of Kioxia that has been shut down.
Optiarc	United States	No	No	Yes	No	No
Other World Computing (OWC)[25]	United States	No	No	Yes	No	No
Patriot Memory[26]	United States	No	No	Yes	No	No
PioData	United States	No	No	Yes	No	No
PNY Technologies[27]	United States	No	No	Yes	No	No
Ritek (a.k.a. RiData)[28]	Taiwan	No	No	Yes	No	No
Samsung Electronics[29]	South Korea	Formerly, but sold that business to Seagate[30]	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
SanDisk	United States	No	Formerly, through a joint venture with Toshiba	Formerly, now a brand of WD	No	Formerly, now a brand of WD
Seagate Technology[31]	United States and Ireland	Yes	Yes, through stake in Kioxia	Yes	No	Yes, through its subsidiary SandForce and stake in Kioxia
Silicon Power[32]	Taiwan	No	No	Yes	No	No
SK hynix[33]	South Korea	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes (since 2012)[1]
STEC[34]	United States	No	No	Yes	No	No
Strontium Technology[35]	Singapore	No	No	Yes	No	No
Super Talent Technology[36]	United States	No	No	Yes	No	No
Swissbit [37]	Switzerland	No	No	Yes	No	Yes, through its subsidiary Hyperstone [38]
TDK[39]	Japan	No	No	Yes	No	No
Texas Memory Systems[40]	United States	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Toshiba[41]	Japan	Yes	Spun off its stake in Flash Forward,[4] a joint venture between SanDisk and itself, to Kioxia.	Spun off into Kioxia	No	Spun off into Kioxia
Transcend Information[42]	Taiwan	No	No	Yes	No	No
TwinMOS[43]	Taiwan	No	No	Yes	No	No
Verbatim	Taiwan	No	No	Yes	No	No
Violin Memory[44]	United States	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Virtium Solid State Storage and Memory[45]	United States	No	No	Yes	No	No
Western Digital[46]	United States	Yes	Yes, but through Flash Forward,[4] a joint venture between itself and Kioxia	Yes	No	Yes, through its subsidiary SanDisk
Wilk Elektronik[47]	Poland	No	No	Yes	No	No
Zalman[48]

Hard Drive Manufacturers for Older Drives

• Alps America^[3]
• Amcodyne^[4]
• Ampex^[4]
• Anelex Corp.^[2]
• Areal Technology^[4] – acquired by Tomen Corp in 1993^[5]
• Atasi Technology, Inc.^[6]
• Aura Associates^[4]
• Avatar Systems^[4]
• BASF^[4]
• Brand Technologies^[3]
• Bryant Computer Products^[2][4]
• Bull^[3]
• Burroughs Corporation^[4][7] – merged with Sperry Corporation to form Unisys in 1986
• C. Itoh Electronics^[3]
• Castlewood Systems
• Caelus Memories|Caelus Memories, Inc.^[8]
• CalComp^[4]
• Calluna Technologies^[4]
• Cardiff^[3]
• Century Data^[4]
• Cogito (company)|Cogito^[3]
• Comport^[4]
• Computer Memories Inc.^[4] (CMI) – left industry in 1986^[9]
• Computer Memory Devices, Inc.^[10]
• Conner Peripherals^[4] – merged with Seagate in 1996
• Control Data Corporation (CDC) / Imprimis Technology^[4] – sold hard disk drive business to Seagate in 1989
• Cornice LLC – bankrupt in 2007^[11]
• Data General
• Data Products Corp.^[2][4]
• Data Recording Instruments^[4] (DRI)
• Data Tech Memories^[3]
• Diablo Systems^[4][12] - became Diablo Data Systems in 1972
• Digital Equipment Corporation^[4] (DEC) – sold hard disk drive business to Quantum Corporation in 1994
• Disc Tech One^[3]
• Disctron^[3]
• DMA^[3]
• DZU (of Bulgaria)^[4] – converted from government-owned to private, and sold to Videoton in 1999
• Ecol. 2^[3]
• Emulex^[3]
• Epson^[3]
• Espert^[3]
• ExcelStor Technology – left industry
• Fuji Electric^[4]
• Fujitsu^[4] – HDD division acquired by Toshiba in July 2009^[13]
• General Electric (GE)^[4]
• Gigastorage^[4]
• GS Magicstor, Inc. – manufacturing 1-inch drives
• Hewlett-Packard^[14] (HP) - 1976 to 1996, left industry
• Hitachi Global Storage Technologies^[4] (HGST) – 2002 merger of Hitachi and IBM disk drive businesses, sold to Western Digital in 2012 with part of 3.5″ manufacturing facilities going to Toshiba^{[15][16][17][18]}
• Hokushin Electric Works^[4]
• Honeywell Bull^[4][12]
• Hyosung^[3]
• IBM^[2][4] – hard disk drive business acquired by Hitachi Global Storage Technologies in 2002
• Information Storage Systems^[4] Acquired by Itel, then Univac and finally CDC^[19]
• Integral Peripherals^[4] – first rigid 1.8" drive; bankrupt in 1998
• International Memories, Inc.(IMI) Discontinued manufacturing in early 1985.^[20]
• Iomec^[12]
• Iomega^[4] – left industry
• ISOT/ИЗОТ (of Bulgaria)^{[nb 1]}
• Josephine County Technology (JCT)^[3] Ceased manufacturing in 1988.^[21]
• JT Storage^[4] (JTS) – bankrupt in 1999
• JVC^[4] – left industry
• Kalok^[4] – bankrupt in 1994
• Kyocera Electronics, Inc^[3]
• LaPine Technologies^[4]
• Librascope^[22]
• Marshall Laboratories^[4]
• Matsushita^[4] - left industry in 2004, its final production was exclusive for Quantum Corporation and then Maxtor
• Maxtor^[4] – acquired by Seagate in 2006
• Memorex^[4] – acquired by Burroughs 1981 and then merged into Unisys 1986; HDD division shut down in 1988
• Microcomputer Memories^[4] – Chapter 7 bancrutpcy in 1987^[23]
• Micropolis Corporation^[4] – bankrupt in 1997
• Microscience International^[4] – bankrupt in 1992
• MiniScribe^[4] – bankrupt and then acquired by Maxtor in 1990
• Ministor Peripherals^[4] – first mobile 1.8" drive; bankrupt in 1998
• Mitsubishi^[4] – left industry
• Mitsumi Electronics Corporation^[3]
• NCR Corporation^[3]
• NEC^[4] – left industry
• Newberry Data^[3]
• Nippon Electric Industry Co. Ltd. (NEI) AKA as Densei in Japan was 34.5% owned by NEC. Stopped manufacturing HDDs in December 1986.^[24]
• Nippon Peripherals, Limited (NPL) ^[4]
• Nomaï^[4]
• Okidata^[3]
• Olivetti^[4]
• Orca Technology Corporation^[3]
• Otari 1982-1986^[25]
• Pertec Computer^[26]
• Philips^[4]
• Plus Development – Subsidiary of Quantum; created Hardcard; absorbed back into Quantum 1992
• Potter Instrument^[4][12]
• PrairieTek^[4] – first 2.5" rigid HDD; bankrupt in 1991
• Priam Corporation^[4] – 1978-1989, became Priam Systems Corporation in 1990 and sold product line to Prima International in 1991
• Peripheral Technology, Inc (PTI)^[3]
• Quantum Corporation^[4] – sold hard disk drive business to Maxtor in 2001
• Raymond Engineering^[4]
• Ricoh^[3]
• Rodime^[4] – first 3.5" rigid HDD;^[4] shut down manufacturing in 1991; licensed its patents until the patent business was sold for $1.5M in July 2003. The company was then the subject of a reverse merger and became Sportech PLC.
• Rotating Memory Systems, Inc. (RMS) Acquired by CCT in 1982 ^[27]
• Sagem^[4]
• Samsung^[4] – HDD business acquired by Seagate for $1.4 billion in 2011^[28]
• Seiko Epson^[4]
• Sequel^[4] - spin out of Memorex in 1988
• Shugart Associates – Acquired by Xerox in 1977 and shut down in 1986.
• Siemens^[4]
• Sony^[4]
• Storage Technology Corporation (StorageTek or STK) – left industry
• SyQuest Technology^[4] – bankrupt in 1998; some patents acquired by Iomega. Re-emerged selling cartridges for their previously-discontinued products.
• Tandon Corporation^[4] – acquired by Western Digital in 1988^[4]
• Teac America, Inc.^[3]
• Texas Instruments^[3]
• Tokico^[3]
• Tulin Corporation^[4] – bankrupt
• Vertex Peripherals^[29] – acquired by Priam Corporation in 1985
• Xebec^[3] – Xebec's 1410 SCSI controller formed the basis of IBM PC's hard disk controller.
• YE-Data^[3]